Revolusi industri 4.0 adalah kelanjutan dari Revolusi Industri 1.0 yang ditandai dengan alat tenun mekanis, tenaga air dan tenaga uap untuk menghasilkan produk terkait kain dan tekstil serta mesin uap untuk menggerakkan mesin kala itu, tetapi lambat laun muncul sebuah pemahaman-pemahaman yang mengatakan jika hanya memakai mesin uap untuk menggerakkan mesin tempaknya tidak mungkin, sehingga dibuatlah listrik karena proses produksi akan massal kalla itu yang dikenal dengan Revolusi Industri 2.0 kemudian sekitar tahun 1970 ada pergeseran yang signifikan, yaitu muncul sistem otomatisasi. Sistem otomatisasi inilah yang bergerak, yakni dari listrik yang dihasilkan untuk menggerakkan mesin secara otomatis yang dikenal dengan revolusi industry 3.0. tak sampai disitu tidak butuh waktu yang lama sekitar awal tahun 2018 muncul revolusi industri 4.0. konsep revolusi industry 4.0 ini merupakan konsep yang pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh professor Klaus Schwab, beliau adalah ekonom terkenal asal jerman sekaligus penggagas World Economic Forum yang melalui bukunya The Fourth Industrial Revolution, menyatakan bahwa revolusi industry 4.0 secara fundamental dapat mengubah cara kita untuk hidup, bekerja dan berhubungan satu dengan yang lain karena adanya system otomatisasi, robotic dan internet of things (IOT).
Pemerintah Indonesia tentu memiliki pekerjaan sangat besar untuk menyiapkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang andal, sebab jangan sampai fase Revolusi Industri 4.0 ini hanya menjadikan Indonesia sebagai konsumen teknologi semata. Oleh karena itu, Divisi Pendidikan Himpunan Mahasiswa Administrasi Niaga telah melaksanakan salah satu program kerjanya yaitu Kajian Pendidikan sebagai wadah untuk mengkaji pendapat dari teman-teman tentang kesiapan generasi milenial menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0
Sebagai permulaan dari kajian tersebut, teman-teman menyampaikan pendapatnya tentang Revolusi Industri:
Mulyadi Raditya berpendapat bahwa, “Revolusi Industri adalah perubahan yang terjadi begitu cepat pada kemajuan teknologi”.
Muh. Fikri berpendapat bahwa, “Revolusi Industri adalah perubahan yang terjadi begitu cepat di lingkungan sosial dan teknologi serta mempengaruhi budaya yang ada”.
Muh Nur Alamsyah berpendapat bahwa, “Revolusi Industri adalah perubahan yang terjadi terus-menerus dan berulang-ulang”.
Berdasarkan pendapat dari teman-teman diatas, pemateri memaparkan arti Revolusi Industri 4.0 tersebut menjadi dua sub kata yaitu:
- Revolusi adalah perubahan sosial dan kebudayaan yang berlangsung secara cepat dan menyangkut dasar atau pokok-pokok pikiran kehidupan masyarakat
- Industry 4.0 adalah kegiatan ekonomi yang mengolah bahan mentah atau bahan baku menjadi barang yang bermutu dengan menggabungkan teknologi otomatisasi dengan teknologi cyber yang ditandai dengan system kerja robotic dan internet of things (IOT).
Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan, revolusi industry 4.0 adalah perubahan-perubahan yang berlangsung secara cepat yang mengolah bahan mentah atau bahan baku menjadi barang yang bermutu dengan menggabungkan teknologi otomatisasi dengan teknologi cyber yang ditandai dengan system kerja robotic dan internet of things (IOT).
Revolusi industri 4.0 identik dengan:
- Sistem otomatis untuk menjalankan robot
Penggunaan robot dalam mendukung otonomisasi diranah industry manufaktur dan jasa akan semakin tidak terkontrol. Hal ini didorong keinginan perusahaan untuk memangkas biaya yang ditimbulkan sumber daya manusia. Tuntutan kenaikan upah yang tidak diiringi dengan produktivitas menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang sering dialami oleh perusahaan terkait dengan SDM. Selain itu perusahaan menganggap pengunaan robot dapat mengefisienkan banyak hal. Seperti mengurangi waktu, meminimalisir kesalahan kerja, akurasi, dan kualitas produksi lebih terkontrol.
- Internet of Thing(IoT)
Apa sebenarnya internet of things itu? Jadi internet of things adalah sebuah konsep dimana suatu objek atau benda memiliki kemampuan untuk mentransfer data melalui jaringan internet tanpa memerlukan interaksi manusia ke manusia lain. Seperti penggunaan kamera pengintai yang bisa dikontrol melalui hp, alat penyiram tanaman otomatis, robot sebagai asisten pribadi, dan sepeda pintar yang mempunyai GPS serta mampu merekam seluruh jalur yang telah dilewati. Kecanggihan teknologi yang dulu hanya bisa kita bayangkan nyata sekarang sudah mampu direalisasikan.
Lalu Bagaimana dampak Revolusi Industri 4.0 ke pendidikan tinggi?
Dampak Revolusi Industri 4.0 di pendidikan tinggi Menurut:
Muh Fikri: “Dalam lingkungan kampus sendiri revolusi industri memiliki banyak dampak positif dimana sekarang telah begitu banyak aplikasi-aplikasi yang dapat di gunakan untuk menunjang perkuliahan”.
Vivi Aulia: “Sekarang perkuliahan dapat dilakukan melalui aplikasi tanpa harus datang berhadapan langsung dengan dosen”.
Dengan adanya sistem digital, otomatisasi dengan bantuan internet ternyata memengaruhi sistem pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia. World Bank 2017 memperkirakan 75-375 juta tenaga kerja global akan beralih profesi dimana 65% jenis pekerjaan masa depan belum ditemukan. Maksudnya adalah ada beberapa jenis-jenis pekerjaan yang akan hilang dan akan muncul nantinya. Disisi lain tantangan bagi lulusan perguruan tinggi di era Revolusi Industri 4.0 semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu, setiap lulusan harus memiliki kompetensi yang mampu untuk bersaing secara global. Seperti misalnya jurusan kita administrasi niaga, kita dituntut tidak hanya mampu bekerja di perusahaan atau instansi untuk menjual ilmu administrasi kita, tetapi kita harus memiliki jiwa kewirausahan dikaitkan dengan ilmu keniagaan yang kita miliki untuk menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru dengan memanfaatkan peluang yang muncul dari revolusi industry 4.0 ini. Hal ini mengingat ciri utama dari revolusi industri 4.0 adalah inovasi
Apa Dampak Baik dan Buruk dari Revolusi Industi 4.0?
Dampak positif revolusi industry 4.0 yaitu bisa mengerjakan sesuatu hal dimana dan kapan saja untukS menghasilkan uang dengan menggunakan alat-alat berbasis teknologi seperti computer atau handphone. Tetapi disisi lain, revolusi industri 4.0, juga membawa dampak buruk. Revolusi ini selain memengaruhi aspek industri, juga merubah kehidupan manusia. Kita semakin tidak bisa lepas dari internet sehingga terciptalah media sosial sebagai dampaknya. Manusia menjadi jarang berinteraksi dengan sesama di dunia nyata, Robotisasi di dunia industri konon katanya akan membuat banyak orang kehilangan pekerjaan Karena peran mereka diambil alih oleh mesin.
Bagaimana peran pemerintah untuk menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0?
Jadi pemerintah Indonesia sudah mulai berbenah menanggapi adanya perubahan industry dengan meluncurkan roadmap “Making Indonesia 4.0” sebagai strategi untuk memuluskan langkah Indonesia dan menjadi kekuatan baru di Asia pada April 2018 lalu. Roadmap ini memberikan arah yang jelas bagi pergerakan industry nasional dimasa depan, termasuk focus pada pengembangan sector prioritas yang akan menjadi kekuatan Indonesia menu industry 4.0. pemerintah memilih sector makanan dan minuman, tekstil, otomotif, kimia serta elektronik sebagai focus dalam program revolusi industry 4.0. pemilihan kelima sector tersebut bukan tanpa alasan, selain pelaksanaannya yang lebih mudah karena sudah lebih siap, sector tersebut juga dapat memberikan dampak yang besar bagi pertumbuhan industry dan ekonomi Indonesia. Selain itu, kelima sector tersebut juga memiliki konstribusi yang besar terhadap ekspor, tenaga kerja dan produk domestic bruto (PDB)
Jika Pemerintah Indonesia saja sudah berbenah, apakah kita sudah memiliki kesiapan juga untuk menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0 tersebut? Sudah Berapa % kesiapan kita untuk menghadapinya? dan bagaimana persiapan-persiapan yang harus kita lakukan untuk menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0 tersebut?
Karena dimana kita ketahui generasi milenial disini adalah generasi yang gampang bosan pada sesuatu hal, no gadget no life, hobi melakukan pembayaran non-cash, suka dengan hal yang serba cepat dan instan, jago multitasking dan kritis terhadap fenomena social. Diharapkan dengan berbagai kelabihan-kelebihan yang dimiliki generasi milenial diharapkan dapat mempersiapkan diri sehingga tidak menjadi konsumen atau penonton saja dalam menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0
Persiapan-persiapan yang perlu dilakukan untuk menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0
Kesiapan mahasiswa sebagai agen perubahan
Muh Riswandi Alwi : “ sebagai mahasiswa yang memiliki posisi tertinggi dalam dunia pendidikan, kita harus bisa berperan penting dalam perkembangan revolusi industri terkhusus dalam penerapan teknologi teknologi yang dapat membantu masyarakat , kita bisa memanfaatkan semua teknologi yang di rasa bisa di terapkan di desa petani ataupun desa nelayan sehingga manfaat kemajuan teknologi dari revolusi industri 4.0 ini bisa di rasakan banyak orang tidak hanya orang-orang kantor atau kota”
Muh Nur Alamsyah: “kesiapan untuk menghadapai revolusi industri 4.0 juga diperlukan bantuan dari pemerintah dalam menghadapai segala kendala-kendala yang mungkin terjadi karena perubahan dari lingkungan sosial ataupun pekerjaan karena tentu munculnya sistem robotic dan otomatisasi akan menghilangkan begitu besar lapangan pekerjaan jadi disisni pemerintah harus dapat mengambil kebijakan-kebijakan untuk mengatasi masalah.
Berdasarkan diskusi dari teman-teman, pemateri menyimpulkan bahwa persiapan-persiapan yang perlu dilakukan sebagai generasi milenial untuk menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0 adalah:
Memperkuat Iman dan Takwa
Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi, terbukti mampu menjerumuskan manusia, terbukanya seluruh informasi menumbuhkan sikap konsumtif yang tinggi dan pengaruh buruk lebih cepat tersebar. Dengan bekal iman dan takwa yang kuat, kita bisa memilah antara yang bermanfaat dan yang tidak, perkembangan apapun yang terjadi pasti akan membawa dampak baik atau buruk bagi kita, sehingga kita harus pintar-pintar untuk bagaimana menyikapi perubahan-perubahan tersebut.
Meningkatkan keahlian, ketrampilan dan kreativitas dalam teknologi penggunaan internet.
Tanpa ada keahlian, keterampilan dan kreativitas khusus yang kita miliki mungkin saja kita akan gugur atau hanya menjadi penonton dalam revolusi industry tersebut , Hal ini mengingat ciri utama dari revolusi industri 4.0 adalah inovasi, sehingga kita sebagai generasi milenial yang selalu menggunakan gadget dan kritis menanggapi permaslahan-permaslahan social harus meningkatkan keahlian, keterampilan dan kreativitas melalui belajar dan terus menerus menghargai proses yang terjadi dalam hidup ini.
Meningkatkan KKN (Komunikasi, Kolaborasi, dan Networking)
Sebagai generasi milenial Komunikasi, Kolaborasi dan Networking kita perlu di perluas. Sehingga mampu menjawab semua tantangan dalam revolusi industri 4.0. Dengan terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antar manusia, kerjasama atau kolaborasi yang baik di dalamnya dan menggunakan jaringan yang memadai, hambatan untuk menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 mudah ditaklukkan.
Menyiapkan diri sebagai angkatan kerja yang kompetitif dan produktif
Disamping banyaknya opini-opini tentang lapangan pekerjaan yang akan hilang dan jumlah pengangguran yang akan terus menerus meningkat karena adanya system otomatis dengan bantuan robot, kita sebagai generasi milenial tidak perlu khawtir atau cemas tentang opini-opini tersebut karena dengan adanya revolusi industry 4.0 tersebut saya rasa tidak akan menghilangkan lapangan pekerjaan tetapi akan menambah lapangan-lapangan pekerjaan nantinya karena yang mengelolah, membuat, memproduksi dan menghasilkan teknologi itu adalah manusia sehingga kita harus menyiapkan diri agar dapat menjadi angkatan kerja yang kompetitif dan produktif nantinya.
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